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What does Proof of Stake (PoS) mean in cryptocurrencies?
What is Proof of Stake (PoS)?
Proof of Stake is a blockchain consensus mechanism for processing transactions and creating new blocks. A consensus mechanism is a method for validating entries in a distributed database and keeping it secure. In the case of cryptocurrency, the database is called a blockchain, so the consensus mechanism secures the blockchain.
Find out more about Proof of Stake and how it is different from Proof of Work. Plus, learn about the problems proof-of-stake attempts face in the cryptocurrency industry.
Key points
- With Proof-of-Stake (POS), validators are chosen based on the number of staked coins they have.
- Proof of Stake (POS) was created as an alternative to Proof of Work (POW), the original consensus mechanism used to validate transactions and open new blocks.
- While PoW mechanisms require miners to solve cryptographic puzzles, PoS mechanisms require validators to hold and stake tokens for the privilege of earning transaction fees.
- Proof of Stake (POS) is considered less risky regarding the potential for a network attack, as it structures compensation to make an attack less profitable.
- The next block writer on the blockchain is selected randomly, with higher stakes awarded to nodes with larger staking positions.
Investopedia / Create Taylor
Understanding Proof of Stake (PoS)
Proof of Stake reduces the computational work needed to verify blocks and transactions. Under the test of work, heavy IT requirements have maintained the blockchain Safe. Proof of Stake changes the way blocks are verified using coin holder machines, so you don’t need to do as much computational work. Owners offer their coins as collateral, called staking, for a chance to validate blocks and earn rewards.
Validators are randomly selected to confirm transactions and validate block information. This system randomizes who gets to collect commissions rather than using a competitive reward-based mechanism like proof of work.
To become a validator, a coin owner must “stake” a specific amount of coins. For example, Ethereum requires staking 32 ETH before a user can run a node. Blocks are validated by multiple validators, and when a specific number of validators verify that the block is accurate, it is finalized and closed.
To activate your validator you will need to stake 32 ETH; however, you do not need to stake such a large amount of ETH to participate in the validation. You can join validation pools using “liquid staking” which uses an ERC-20 token representing your ETH.
Different proof-of-participation mechanisms can use various methods to reach consensus. For example, when Ethereum introduces sharding, a validator will verify transactions and add them to a block shard, which requires no more than 128 validators to form a voting “committee.” Once shards are validated and a block is created, two-thirds of the validators must agree that the transaction is valid, then the block is closed.
How is Proof of Stake different from Proof of Work?
Both consensus mechanisms help blockchains synchronize data, validate information, and process transactions. Each method has proven effective in maintaining a blockchain, although each has pros and cons. However, the two algorithms have very different approaches.
In PoS, block creators are called validators. A validator checks transactions, verifies activity, votes on results, and maintains records. Under PoW, block creators are called miners. Miners work to solve a hashing problem to verify transactions. In exchange for solving the problem, they are rewarded with a coin.
To “acquire” the position of becoming a block creator, you must own enough coins or tokens to become a validator on a PoS blockchain. For PoW, miners must invest in processing equipment and incur large energy costs to power the machines that attempt to solve the calculations.
The equipment and energy costs involved in PoW mechanisms are expensive, limiting mining access and strengthening the security of the blockchain. PoS blockchains reduce the amount of processing power needed to validate block information and transactions. The mechanism also reduces network congestion and eliminates reward-based incentives offered by PoW blockchains.
Block creators are called validators | Block creators are called miners |
Participants must own coins or tokens to become validators | Participants must purchase equipment and energy to become miners |
Energy efficient | Not energy efficient |
Safety through community control | Robust security thanks to expensive initial requirements |
Validators receive transaction fees as rewards | Miners receive rewards and commissions for blocks |
Proof-of-Stake Objectives
Proof of Stake is designed to reduce network congestion and address environmental sustainability concerns surrounding the Proof-of-Work (PoW) protocol. Work test it is a competitive approach to verifying transactions, which naturally encourages people to look for ways to gain an advantage, especially since monetary value is involved.
Bitcoin miners earn bitcoins by verifying transactions and blocks. However, they pay operating expenses, such as electricity and rent fiat currency. So what’s really happening is that miners are exchanging energy for cryptocurrency, which causes PoW mining use the same amount of energy as some small countries.
The PoS mechanism seeks to solve these problems by effectively replacing staking with computing power, whereby the network randomizes an individual’s mining ability. This means there should be a dramatic reduction in power consumption as miners can no longer rely on massive farms of disposable hardware to gain an advantage. For example, Ethereum’s transition from PoW to PoS reduced the blockchain’s energy consumption by 99.84%.
The first cryptocurrency adopt the PoS method was Peercoin. Many others followed soon after, but Ethereum was the blockchain where it had the greatest impact.
Proof of Stake security
Long touted as a threat to cryptocurrency fans, the Attack at 51%. This is a problem when using PoS, but it is unlikely to occur. With PoW, a 51% attack occurs when one entity controls more than 50% of the miners in a network and uses that majority to alter the blockchain. In PoS, a group or individual should own 51% of the staked cryptocurrency.
It is very expensive to control 51% of the staked cryptocurrency. According to Ethereum PoS, if a 51% attack occurred, honest validators in the network could vote to ignore the altered blockchain and burn the ETH staked by the perpetrator. This incentivizes validators to act in good faith for the benefit of the cryptocurrency and the network.
Most other PoS security features are not advertised, as this could create an opportunity to circumvent security measures. However, most PoS systems have additional security features that add to the inherent security behind blockchain and PoS mechanisms.
What is the difference between Proof of Stake and Proof of Work?
Proof of Stake (POS) uses randomly selected validators to confirm transactions and create new blocks. Proof-of-Work (POW) uses a competitive validation method to confirm transactions and add new blocks to the blockchain.
What is Proof of Stake for Dummies?
Proof of Stake is a consensus mechanism in which distributed cryptocurrency validator programs share the task of validating transactions.
What are the disadvantages of Proof of Stake?
With Proof of Stake (POS) consensus, users generally need to own a cryptocurrency before they can participate in the consensus and earn more cryptocurrencies. To host a full validation node on Ethereum, a user needs to stake 32 ETH, which is very expensive. Another disadvantage of PoS is that on blockchains with smaller networks, a high minimum stake could lead to centralization.
Is Ethereum a PoS or PoW?
Ethereum uses proof-of-stake as its consensus mechanic. Full validation nodes require a stake of 32 ETH, but other participants can take part in the consensus by delegating their ETH to a validator or participating in staking pools. Users can also stake small amounts of ETH on their own, but no reward is earned.
The bottom line
Proof of Stake is a mechanism used to verify blockchain transactions. It differs significantly from proof of work, mainly in that it incentivizes honest behavior by rewarding those who put up their cryptocurrencies as collateral for a chance to earn more.
The comments, opinions and analyzes expressed on Investopedia are for online information purposes. Read ours warranty and exclusion of liability for more information.
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Top 5 Crypto Pre-Sales for August 2024
Have you heard about cryptocurrencies in 2011? Was Bitcoin so popular back then? Well, yes, some forward-thinking people saw its potential early and invested in BTC back then. Investors were skeptical about this new financial element; however, many took the risk and invested what they could risk in the cryptocurrency market.
Going through the list of top presales, we have identified and studied five of the main candidates that can change the game on the trading charts. These new opportunities promise the best returns and a great chance to buy tokens at affordable prices. While 5thScape is at the top of our recommendation, projects like DarkLume and Artemis Coin are pioneers in their respective categories.
Top 5 Crypto Pre-Sales to Add to Your Watchlist in 2024
Below we present the top five cryptocurrency pre-sales that you should consider adding to your investment watchlist.
- 5th Landscape (5SCAPE) – King of digital VR gaming with AR/VR elements
- Dark light (DLUME) – Virtual Metaverse for Social Exploration
- SpacePay (SPY) – Versatile Financial Payment Gateway for Seamless Transactions
- EarthMeta (EMT) – Replicating our planet on a virtual platform
- Artemis Coin (ARTMS) – NFT Marketplace for Digital Real Estate Investment
In-Depth Review: The Best Crypto Pre-Sales of 2024
Now, let’s take a closer look at these pre-sale events and how they can help investors make significant profits this year.
5th Landscape (5SCAPE)
The 5thScape project combines emerging technology using the fundamentals of virtual and augmented reality on the Ethereum platform using its native currency as 5SCAPE. Users of the token experience increased security and interactive gameplay in the digital space.
Here are the potential reasons why investors are admiring the 5thScape ecosystem:
Immersive Gameplay: With over five game titles, the platform is ready to amaze the audience with games ranging from archery, sports, battle and high-speed racing.
Innovative VR Content: 5thScape’s progress in the crypto-gaming space will contribute to the development of educational resources and other VR content on the website.
Motion Control Gadgets: This project is working hard to introduce VR devices such as headsets and gaming chairs with precise controls and high-resolution soundscapes to achieve the best immersive feeling while exploring the ecosystem.
Practical utility: 5SCAPE tokens stimulate participation in various activities and convert the ecosystem into economic value for investors.
Staking Opportunities: Acquiring 5SCAPE tokens after listing on exchanges can generate higher earnings
Free Giveaways and Prizes: The distribution of free coins and VR subscriptions attract investors.
Visit 5thScape for more details>>
Dark Light (DLUME)
We just saw how 5thScape captures investors with its AR/VR digital landscape. DarkLume works on similar VR principles but has a completely new VR metaverse. Its presale is about to hit the $1 million mark and simultaneously increase fund inflows.
What are the specifics that allow DarkLume to lead the metaverse industry?
Native currency: The project has DLUME as a digital currency that can be used for in-game purchases or upgrades. These utility tokens also give their holders the right to vote on the development and expansion of the project.
Benefits of staking: Investors who want to hold and earn from this currency expect to multiply their funds after the stock market listing.
Exploratory Metaverse: Once you enter this world, there is no turning back. There are so many opportunities to find recreational activities and relieve stress. Walking through lush landscapes and stargazing at night can be a memorable experience. If you are a party animal, DarkLume’s virtual discos and clubs will win you over.
Visit DarkLume for more details>>
Payment for space (SPY)
Traditional financial setups face many challenges in daily transactions and are also expensive. To solve these concerns, Maxwell Bunting founded SpacePay by combining cryptocurrency payments and blockchain technology. The London-based startup makes online shopping and payments more seamless by integrating its network with existing card terminals, allowing users to make payments in any digital currency. Merchants can choose to receive payments in conventional currency without having to pay exorbitantly.
SpacePay has designed a user-friendly and convenient interface that supports over 325 crypto wallets. SPY, the native token of this platform, serves to enable all transactions within its ecosystem. Tokens can also be used to generate passive income through staking and additional community rewards.
EarthMeta (EMT)
EarthMeta is a virtual metaverse created to replicate our planet, Earth. It is listed as one of the best crypto pre-sales of 2024, with a focus on creating new NFT platforms and virtual assets in premium cities. The startup encourages users to own and govern virtual landscapes.
Cities are then further broken down into smaller assets such as landmarks, buildings, monuments, parks, schools, and more. NFTs can now be bought and sold in the project’s marketplace. Governors are eligible to earn 1% fees per transaction within their city. EMT token holders can also generate more at once with custom API integrations and participation in DAO activities.
Artemis (ARTMS)
Today we have covered a number of financial projects that you can consider along with 5thScape, the most promising VR coins of the decade. Artemis (ARTMS) is a financial platform that allows investors to transact and trade using its digital asset, ARTMS. Users can also lend, borrow, stake, save, and generate rewards from yield farming.
The project is about to enter Phase 4 of development which will see the launch of the Artemis Crypto System. This system is customized to facilitate a large number of secure and transparent crypto transactions. Cryptocurrency enthusiasts and professional entities can buy and sell products such as smartphones, bicycles and internet services using crypto payments. Early investors have great advantages until the project is available at a discounted price in the pre-sale.
Read this before investing in the next cryptocurrency market
Experienced investors know the factors to consider before investing in this dynamic market. Here are some points that beginners should remember before securing a position in the cryptocurrency universe.
- It is essential to verify the project details and the founders.
- Read and understand the whitepaper for all the technical information about the ICO, the roadmap and the mission of the project.
- The project roadmap will provide greater clarity on milestones and results achieved.
- Review the fundamentals of the new technologies involved in the development of the platform.
- Before investing in any cryptocurrency, carefully evaluate the benefits and risks to avoid losses and build a profitable portfolio.
Conclusion
5thScape ICO Offers Tokens at Deeply Discounted Prices. Once the presale is over, the token price will skyrocket 434% from the first round and promise 600x returns to early investors. Who wouldn’t want to be part of an innovative and growing VR ecosystem? Check your details, review all the documents and start investing in 5thScape now.
Time flies, and so does the $100,000 prize.
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Best Upcoming Cryptocurrencies for Long-Term Profits: Turn $100 Into $1000 With These Picks
Have you ever wondered how much return Bitcoin has given to investors who bought this gold cryptocurrency a decade ago? In 2014, Bitcoin reached its significant milestone of $1,000 in the first month. Currently, it is trading at around $64k, which is an astonishing 6300% increase in the span of 10 years. No stock, no ETF could ever give you such monumental returns. This simply proves that the cryptocurrency market turns your dreams of investment returns into reality.
While the established giants are not giving so much returns now, the ball is in the court of upcoming cryptocurrencies that are based on the development of projects to provide up to 1000x returns in the near future. In this article, we will explore 5 upcoming cryptocurrencies for long-term earnings that can turn your $100 into $1000 – the only key is strategic investing with a lot of patience!
Best Upcoming Cryptocurrencies For Long Term Profits
Below we list the top 5 cryptocurrencies for long-term gains, which are set to give you returns of up to 1000 times in the coming times.
- 5th Landscape (5LANDSCAPE)
- Dark light (DISGUST)
- BlockDAG (BDAG)
- eTukTuk (TUK)
- WienerAI (WAI)
Take a deeper look at the background of these 5 upcoming cryptocurrencies for long-term gains and see why they could be viable options for your cryptocurrency portfolio.
1. 5° Landscape (5SCAPE)
5thScape is changing the face of entertainment by merging augmented and virtual reality with blockchain technology, offering a VR content ecosystem unlike any other destination on the internet. Its native token, 5SCAPE, is the cornerstone of this innovative ecosystem. With a limited supply of 5.21 billion tokens, 5SCAPE offers early investors a unique opportunity to participate in the growth of a potentially transformative platform.
Combining the immersive experiences of VR technology with a cryptocurrency that has a real-world use case, 5thScape presents a compelling investment proposition. The project’s focus on providing unparalleled user experiences, coupled with its potential to generate substantial returns, makes 5SCAPE an ideal new cryptocurrency to have in your portfolio for long-term gains.
Click here to invest in 5thScape today >>
2. DarkLume (DLUME)
DarkLume is a meticulously crafted metaverse where users can experience a lavish digital lifestyle. At its core is the DLUME token, the currency that powers this virtual economy. By owning DLUME, users gain access to exclusive experiences, from owning virtual properties to attending high-society events and hosting virtual celebrations with their friends.
The metaverse is divided into virtual countries, each with its own citizenship requirements. To become a citizen, users must possess a specific amount of DLUME. Maintaining citizenship involves paying taxes in DLUME and creating a sense of community and responsibility among users.
Unlike other metaverse platforms that are limited to digital interactions only, DarkLume offers a wide range of activities, from leisure and entertainment to social interactions and exciting experiences. The platform’s focus on luxury ensures that every aspect of the metaverse is designed to exceed expectations. As DarkLume continues to grow, its DLUME token is expected to be in high demand. The metaverse concept is supported by renowned names such as Mark Zuckerberg and Satya Nadella. As it is the future of immersive socialization, the DLUME token is expected to appreciate in value over time.
Explore DarkLume’s website to learn more
3. BlockDAG (BDAG)
BlockDAG is an innovative blockchain platform that uses a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) structure together with blockchain technology to offer fast transaction speeds, lower fees, and better scalability.
Unlike traditional blockchains that process transactions sequentially, BlockDAG processes them in parallel, which allows it to handle a much higher transaction volume. This approach makes BlockDAG an ideal platform for applications that require high throughput and low latency, such as DeFi, gaming, and IoT. Its presale has been a great success so far, and BlockDAG’s adaptability may be an optimistic sign for early investors in the BDAG token.
4. eTukTuk (TUK)
eTukTuk is a new leading crypto project that combines sustainable transportation with blockchain technology. Its main goal is to electrify the famous “tuk-tuk” industry, reducing carbon emissions that cause environmental damage while creating a thriving ecosystem. Its TUK token powers the entire platform.
One of the most notable features of eTukTuk is its Play-to-Earn (P2E) gameplay. Players can earn TUK tokens by completing challenges and missions in the game. This gamified approach not only makes the platform engaging but also incentivizes user participation in building the eTukTuk ecosystem. The primary utility of the TUK token is as a mode of payment for tuk-tuk drivers who use EV charging stations for their vehicles installed across Sri Lanka. The project will soon expand to other countries.
Overall, the value proposition of the TUK crypto token is strengthened by its utility within the platform. It can be used to purchase electric tuk-tuks, charge them at the network’s charging stations, and access various platform services. As eTukTuk adoption grows, demand for TUK tokens is expected to increase, potentially resulting in significant appreciation in the token’s value.
5. WienerAI (WAI)
WienerAI is a new blockchain-based platform that uses next-generation artificial intelligence (AI) technology to transform the cryptocurrency trading space. Its flagship product is an AI trading bot (with a sausage-themed mascot) designed to analyze market trends, identify potential opportunities, and execute trades with zero errors. With the power of AI, WienerAI provides users with a market edge in the complex and dynamic world of investing.
The platform’s native WAI token is a digital asset that underpins the entire ecosystem. Token holders can enjoy various benefits, including discounted trading fees, priority access to new features, and even a share of the platform’s profits. As WienerAI gains traction and its AI trading bot proves successful, the continued flow of demand for the WAI token will fuel its price.
Final Thoughts: Best Cryptocurrencies for Long-Term Profits
Each cryptocurrency project explored in this article brings a unique and innovative perspective to the blockchain industry. From the immersive worlds of 5thScape and DarkLume to the efficiency gains of BlockDAG and the sustainability focus of eTukTuk, not to mention WienerAI’s AI-powered trading bot with a new approach to investing, these projects are pushing the boundaries of what’s possible with blockchain technology.
While all of these projects are promising, 5thScape and DarkLume stand out as particularly interesting investment opportunities. The combination of 5thScape’s robust VR ecosystem tokenomics and unique AR/VR offeringstogether with the fantasy world of the DarkLume metaversehas the potential to appeal to a wide range of investors who may be entertainment lovers, not just cryptocurrency enthusiasts. Given their current presale stages, acquiring 5SCAPE and DLUME tokens at these early-bird prices could prove to be a strategic move for those seeking substantial returns.
This is a sponsored article. The opinions expressed are solely those of the sponsor and readers should conduct their own due diligence before taking any action based on the information presented in this article.
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Avalanche Predicts ‘Most Bullish Unlock’ in Broader Market $1 Billion in Token Release
Token Unlocks data shows that several crypto projects:AvalancheWormhole, Aptos, SandboxArbitrum, Optimism and others are set to unlock around $1 billion worth of tokens in August.
Approximately $260 million will be allocated in the first three days of the month.
Crypto projects often schedule token unlocks to control the asset supply and prevent market oversaturation. This gradual release helps avoid significant sell-offs by early investors or team members who hold large amounts of crypto assets.
Wormhole and Avalanche to Release Over $400 Million in Tokens
The biggest news this month will be Wormhole and Avalanche.
On August 3rd, Hole in the walla cross-chain messaging protocol, will release 600 million tokens worth $151.67 million, or 33.33% of its circulating supply.
Avalanche will follow on August 20, unlocking 9.54 million AVAX tokens worth approximately $251 million, or 2.42% of its circulating supply.
The Token Unlocks dashboard shows that 4.5 million AVAX, worth $118.53 million, will go to the Avalanche team, 2.25 million AVAX, worth $59.27 million, will go to strategic partners, and the remainder will go to the Foundation and as an airdrop.
Farid Rached, former head of ecosystem growth at Avalanche, underlined that this planned unlock would be the most bullish in its history because “it is the last big step for the team and public/private investors.”
Other important unlocks
Sui, a layer 1 network, will unlock 64 million tokens worth $50 million, or 2.56% of its circulating supply, on August 1.
Similarly, decentralized exchange dYdX will issue 8.33 million tokens worth nearly $11 million, or 3.65% of its circulating supply. These tokens will be distributed to investors, founders, staff, and future employees.
Aptos will unlock 11.31 million APT tokens worth $74.64 million on August 12. These will be allocated to the Aptos community, top contributors, the foundation, and investors, with top contributors receiving the largest share: 3.96 million APT worth $26 million.
On August 14, Sandbox will release 205.6 million SAND tokens worth $66.75 million. This issuance will be split between the team, advisors, and a corporate reserve.
Finally, Ethereum’s layer 2 networks Referee AND Optimism will collectively unlock over $110 million worth of tokens by August 16 and 31, respectively.
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Big Tech Beats Bitcoin (BTC) as Trump’s Trade Cancellation Weakens Token
Bitcoin has failed to join the cross-asset rally fueled by dovish comments from the Federal Reserve, as the tight US election race casts doubt on Donald Trump’s ability to implement his pro-cryptocurrency agenda.
The digital asset slipped 2.4% on Wednesday, tracking a Fed-fueled surge in an index of the Magnificent Seven large-cap tech stocks by one of the widest margins in 2024. The token fell further on Thursday, changing hands at $63,750 by 6:10 a.m. in London.
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